The Productive Lever of Sovereignty.

In May 2018, the Argentine government received the largest loan in IMF history: $57 billion.

Neoclassical economics had cast Marxist dependency theory (and other heterodox schools of thought) as a relic—a Latin American intellectual curiosity from the Cold War era, now superseded by globalisation, global value chains (GVCs), and the triumph of market-led development.

Peripheral Bourgeoisies and the Politics of Disinvestment.

China went from contributing less than 1% of world trade in 1978 to becoming the world’s largest trading country. China is now the top trading partner for 120 countries. Over half of the world’s busiest ports are in China.