The Mexican Electrical Workers Union (SME) continues its fight for its members’ jobs and for the union itself, but now, two months since President Felipe Calderón’s liquidation of the state-owned Light and Power Company, seizure of the facilities, and firing of the 44,000 workers, and faced with the government’s intransigence, the union has been forced to change its strategy. While previously demanding the that the liquidation of the company be halted and that all workers returned to their jobs, the union now seeks mediation and negotiation with the government, asking that the Federal Electrical Commission (CFE), the state-owned successor company, hire 20,000 workers who have not accepted their termination and severance pay.
The Latest Blow
The latest blow against the union was the ruling on December 11 by Federal Judge Guillermina Coutiño Mata, which denied the Mexican Electrical Workers Union’s petition for an injunction (amparo) to stop the liquidation of the Light and Power Company. The judge declared that President Felipe Calderón had acted in accordance with the law when he liquidated the company because of what he said was its inefficiency and high cost, because in doing so he was putting the collective economic interests of all Mexicans ahead of the individual interests of the employees.
Both parties have ten days to appeal the judge’s ruling, and the union plans to appeal to the next highest level, a collegiate tribunal where the case will be heard by a panel of judges. Union attorney Nestor de Buen says that from there he believes the case will go to the Mexican Supreme Court where he believes the matter will be decided. Judge Coutiño Mata did not rule on claims that the government had violated some labor laws, saying that those complaints would be heard by the proper authority, which is the Federal Labor Board (JFCA).
Union leader Martín Esparza told workers that despite the ruling the SME would continue to engage in powerful peaceful actions. “We remain firm,” said Esparza. “We are a peaceful, citizens’ movement with great power, with clear demands, and with ingenuity. We will continue with our national and our international alliances.”
International Labor Solidarity
The SME has been strongly supported by several Mexican unions as well as by other unions from around the world. Last week a delegation of U.S. and Canadian labor union leaders visited Mexico to show their solidarity with fired electrical workers of the former Light and Power Company and to tell Mexican President Felipe Calderón it was not too late to negotiate a just resolution to this crisis. The delegation was led by Hassan Yussuf, secretary treasurer of the Canadian Labor Congress (CLC), and by Stanley Gacek, associate director of the International Department of the AFL-CIO. The group included the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE), the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union (CEP) of Canada, the Utility Workers Union, and the United Steel Workers (USW), which represents workers in both Canada and the United States, and the independent United Electrical Workers Union which represents U.S. workers.
The U.S.-Canadian trade union delegation expressed its solidarity with the SME members and their families and criticized the Mexican government for violating its own constitution and laws, for violating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and for failing to live up to the standards of the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as criticizing human rights violations. While international labor solidarity raises the morale of Mexican workers, it has not been able to move the Mexican government.
The Darkening Horizon
The SME and its members certainly face a darkening horizon. First, time alone has taken its toll. After two months, the government’s liquidation of the company appears to be a fait accompli. The Federal Electrical Commission (CFE) and its loyal Sole Union of Electrical Workers (SUTERM), supported by hundreds of military electricians, moved in, took over the facilities, and have successfully operated them now for two months, providing electricity to Mexico City and several surrounding states with only some occasional blackouts in limited areas. Second, some 60 percent of the 44,000 workers have accepted their terminations and severance pay and gone on to seek other jobs. Third, the union’s legal strategy appears to have failed, at least so far. Fourth, the union’s political strategy — attempting to get the Mexican Legislature to challenge the president’s action as unconstitutional — has also failed. Fifth, while the union has led impressive mass demonstration and work stoppages, with the holiday season now beginning, it is unlikely that it will be able to carry out another mass action until the Christmas season ends on Three Kings Day, January 6. So the union will lose momentum.
While in the courts and in the legislature the Mexican Electrical Workers Union continues to call for a reversal of the government’s decision to liquidate the company, its new practical bargaining position represents a strategic retreat. The union now seeks to represent only 20,000 of the total of 44,000 former Light and Power workers, and it does not seek to return them to their old jobs but rather find them a place with the new employer, the CFE. At the same time, it argues that the Mexican Electrical Workers Union should represent those workers in their dealings with the new employer. That demand will surely be rejected by the rival Sole Union of Electrical Workers (SUTERM) which new represents all workers in that company.
Seeking New Mediation
The Mexican Electrical Workers Union is seeking to have a group of “notables,” that is, of prominent public persons, mediate in talks with the Mexican government. The notables are José Narro, rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); Enrique Villa, director of Mexico Polytechnic Institute; together with leaders of two of the country’s major political parties, Carlos Navarrete of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and Gustavo Madero of the National Action Party (PAN). That group met with union leaders Martín Esparza and Humberto Montes de Oca to hear their proposal. Secretary of Labor Javier Lozano Alarcón has said that in any meeting with the notables the government would not discuss any proposal to reverse the liquidation of the Light and Power Company. So far, the parties have not agreed to mediation, nor have the notables agreed to mediate.
As part of its turn to mediation, the SME ended the hunger strike being carried out by 10 women and five men in front of the CFE on December 9. The 15 hunger strikers had taken water, honey, and saline solution for 17 days in protest of the government actions. The union said, however, that while it was ending the hunger strike it was not ending its sit-in there. At the same time the SME announced that it would celebrate the 95th anniversary of its founding on December 14, with artistic and cultural activities and another protest march.
CHRONOLOGY OF CONFLICT BETWEEN MEXICAN GOVERNMENT AND MEXICAN ELECTRICAL WORKERS UNION (SME)
Since October 11 there have been virtually continuous marches and demonstrations, many legal actions, and legislative discussions and proposals. We give here some of the most important dates.
September 10, 2009 — Felipe Calderón’s Secretary of Labor, Javier Lozano, declares that there have been irregularities in the Mexican Electrical Workers Union’s election process.
September 28, 2009 — The Mexican Electrical Workers Union (SME) warns that Felipe Calderón’s government has plans to seize the Light and Power Company electrical facilities. The SME calls for support from other unions and movements.
October 5, 2009 — Mexican Secretary of Labor Javier Lozano refuses to recognize Martín Esparza, general secretary, and other union officers of the SME, declaring their election invalid. The union is left without a legally recognized leadership.
October 11, 2009 — The Felipe Calderón government sends Federal police to seize Light and Power Company facilities, liquidates the company, and fires 44,000 workers, which effectively eliminates the SME. President Calderón states that the company is being eliminated because it is inefficient.
October 15, 2009 — More than 150,000 SME members and families, other labor unions, and social movements march to protest the government’s seizure of plants, liquidation of the company, and rally in the Zócalo, the national plaza.
October 31, 2009 — Federal Judge Guillermina Coutiño Mata temporarily suspends the dissolution of the Light and Power Company. Labor Secretary Javier Lozano says the judge’s decision will not stop the government from continuing to terminate workers and give them their severance pay.
November 11, 2009 — The SME calls upon other unions and social movements to participate in a national work stoppage and unions and workers in many parts of the country stop work and engage in protests.
December 2, 2009 — The Federal Board of Conciliation and Arbitration declared void Martín Esparza’s election as general secretary of the SME.
December 4, 2009 — The SME summons Mexican unions and social movements to a “symbolic taking of Mexico City” to protest the government’s action in seizing electrical facilities, liquidating the Light and Power Company, and firing 44,000 workers. Tens of thousands of workers join in the “taking of Mexico City” with marches and a protest rally at the Monument of the Revolution.
December 11, 2009 — Federal Judge Guillermina Coutiño Mata denies the SME’s petition for an injunction to stop the liquidation of the Light and Power Company.
Dan La Botz is a Cincinnati-based teacher, writer and activist. Contact him through his home page: <DanLaBotz.wikidot.com>.
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