• Monthly Review
  • Monthly Review Press
  • Climate & Capitalism
  • Money on the Left
  • Twitter
  • Instagram
  • YouTube
  • Mastadon
MR Online
  • Home
  • About
  • Contact/Submission
  • Browse
    • Recent Articles Archive
    • by Subject
      • Ecology
      • Education
      • Imperialism
      • Inequality
      • Labor
      • Literature
      • Marxism
      • Movements
      • Philosophy
      • Political Economy
    • by Region
      • Africa
      • Americas
      • Asia
      • Australasia
      • Europe
      • Global
      • Middle East
    • by Category
      • Art
      • Commentary
      • Interview
      • Letter
      • News
      • Newswire
  • Monthly Review Essays
  •    A Liberal Party poster encouraging Free Trade over Protectionism in London c1905 c1910   MR Online

    Three globalizations, not two

    Originally published: FMM Working Paper on June 30, 2018 (more by FMM Working Paper)

    The conventional wisdom is there have been two globalizations in the modern era. This paper challenges that view and argues there have been three globalizations, not two.

Monthly Review Essays

  • Nikolai Gogol’s Department of Government Efficiency
    Andy Merrifield    A 1926 Soviet illustration of a production of Gogols play The Government Inspector showing audience members in the foreground and actors on stage in the background   MR Online

    Almost two centuries after its opening night, Gogol’s five-act satirical play The Government Inspector continues to create a stir with every performance, seemingly no matter where. Maybe because corruption and self-serving double-talk aren’t just familiar features of 19th-century Russia, but have become ingrained facets of all systems of government and officialdom, making them recognizable to […]

Lost & Found

  • Dividends Are Not Royalties: The SAT and Surplus Value
    Michael Parenti    A young man at a desk takes the SAT   MR Online

    Michael Parenti, the Marxist author and scholar, died on January 24, 2026 at the age of ninety-two. This article originally appeared in Monthly Review 45, no. 5 (October 1993). It has been frequently noted that IQ examinations, while professing to measure innate intelligence, are riddled with racial, gender, and class biases. Thus a low-income, inner-city youth, […]

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License

Monthly Review Foundation
134 W 29TH ST STE 706
New York NY 10001-5304

Tel: 212-691-2555