In today’s labor movement it’s hard to find a leader who doesn’t stress the need for organizing new members. Judging by the size of their paychecks, however, some of labor’s top brass aren’t ready to put their money where their mouth is.
According to data filed under the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA), the number of union officials and staff earning high salaries has skyrocketed in recent years. For example, the number of individuals earning over $100,000 a year more than doubled between 2000 and 2004 — the latest year with complete data. Over the same period the number of officers and staff earning more than $150,000 increased 84 percent.
Meanwhile private sector union density has fallen below eight percent, its lowest point in over a 100 years.
In the run-up to the 2005 split in the AFL-CIO, discussion of excessive pay was noticeably absent, despite the focus of the Change to Win federation’s founders on channeling unprecedented resources into organizing.
Could the labor movement fund large-scale organizing by bringing high-flying salaries back down to earth? Absolutely, judging from an analysis of the LMRDA data. In 2004, for example, 5,646 individuals raked in a total of $733.6 million in salaries over $100,000, including multiple salaries, while 870 pulled down $181.7 million in salaries over $150,000.
Looking at total compensation, which includes things like meal and housing allowances as well as reimbursements for other union-related expenses, the numbers are even larger. In 2004 there were 9,036 officers and staff who collected more than $100,000 in union funds, for a combined total of more than $1.2 billion. Setting the bar at $150,000, we still find 1,662 individuals who took home a total of $335 million that year.
MISSED OPPORTUNITIES
How much money could the labor movement save by imposing a salary cap and eliminating multiple salaries? Based on the 2004 data, a $100,000 salary cap coupled with a ban on multiple salaries would free up $170 million a year, while a cap of $150,000 would save $51 million. Capping total compensation at $100,000 would free up close to $300 million, while a $150,000 cap would save $86 million.
This is definitely not chump change. For example, any of these scenarios would free up enough resources to double the $48 million that the AFL-CIO spent on organizing and member mobilization in 2004. The more aggressive approaches would generate enough resources to double (or even triple) the AFL-CIO’s entire budget of $146 million that year.
Several individual unions could also benefit from lower official salaries. The box below lists the 15 unions that stand to gain the most by limiting total compensation, with savings totaling as much as $200 million.
Rank-and-file members are quick to see the benefits of limiting top salaries. When asked what the Teamsters could do with an additional $16.4 million, Frank Halstead, a Southern California warehouse worker and member of Teamsters Local 572, remarked: “Trucking is growing, while our strength in the industry in shrinking. With that kind of money to spend organizing non-union truck drivers, we could restore our power in the industry.”
Tony Perlstein, a member of International Longshoremen’s Association Local 1588, was also clear about what an additional $8.6 million could mean for his union. Said Perlstein, “If we kept ILA officers’ salaries in line with the members’ salaries, our union would have the money we need to research and organize the logistics industry.
“There would be resources to coordinate international solidarity between dockworkers. We could take on non-union logistics companies at the port. And there would be money available for a serious contract campaign — with research, education, and mobilization — when our current contract expires in 2010.”
DISCONNECTED FROM THE RANKS?
Beyond the missed opportunities for strategic campaigns or new organizing, excessive salaries can also do lasting damage to union solidarity. Labor’s top earners fall into the upper reaches of the U.S. income distribution, far removed from most rank-and-file members.
For example, any official or staffer earning over $157,000 in 2004 found themselves among the richest five percent of American households. Meanwhile the average union member earned $43,000 that same year, placing them just above the median individual income of $36,500.
The attached box gives a sense of just how wide this gap can get, presenting a list of the 20 highest paid officials in the labor movement in 2004.
Donald Doser from the International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE) was at the top of the heap that year. Doser pulled down $775,279 from two union salaries and, with allowances and reimbursed business expenses factored in, raked in a total of $807,626.
Doser is not alone in the payola. Six other union officials received more than half a million dollars in union funds in 2004, with everyone in the top 20 pulling down more than $400,000. Half of the highest paid officials in the labor movement in 2004 also received more than one salary.
With union members everywhere getting squeezed by employers, fat salaries for top officials only widen the gap between elected leaders and the rank and file. According to Halstead, “These bloated salaries are a glaring example of what’s wrong with today’s labor movement. Some of these officials make as much money as the CEOs.
“With salaries like this they’re out of touch with regular members. They are more worried about how their stocks are doing and where they’re going to park their boat than how to win stronger contracts or organize new members.”
| Union | Membership | Amount Saved |
| National Education Association, NEA | 2,698,504 | $25,497,250 |
| Food and Commercial Workers, UFCW | 1,338,625 | $18,430,066 |
| Teamsters, IBT | 1,350,000 | $16,424,139 |
| Electrical Workers, IBEW | 682,605 | $15,044,397 |
| Teachers, AFT | 816,300 | $14,242,207 |
| Laborers, LIUNA | 692,558 | $13,638,037 |
| United Auto Workers, UAW | 654,657 | $12,417,463 |
| Operating Engineers, IUOE | 388,804 | $12,379,519 |
| Carpenters, CJA | 524,237 | $12,010,551 |
| Plumbers and Pipefitters, UA | 324,557 | $11,777,613 |
| Machinists, IAM | 610,426 | $10,851,699 |
| Air Line Pilots, ALPA | 50,811 | $9,626,014 |
| State, County and Municipal Employees, AFSCME | 1,350,000 | $9,416,160 |
| Longshoreman’s Association, ILA | 59,000 | $8,673,604 |
| Transportation Communications, TCU/IAM | 61,578 | $6,619,187 |
| Name | Union | Total Gross Salary | Total Compensation | Number of Union Salaries |
| Donald Doser | IUOE | $775,279 | $807,626 | 2 |
| Douglas Dority | UFCW | $633,793 | $709,204 | 1 |
| John Bowers | ILA | $568,023 | $590,194 | 2 |
| Terence O’Sullivan | LIUNA | $457,120 | $553,559 | 2 |
| Gerald McEntee | AFSCME | $316,916 | $551,428 | 1 |
| Duane Woerth | ALPA | $415,026 | $550,729 | 1 |
| Albert Cernadas | ILA | $499,915 | $532,719 | 2 |
| Robert Scardelletti | TCU | $298,658 | $482,400 | 2 |
| Peter Devito, Sr. | TCU | $453,365 | $469,249 | 1 |
| Edward Byrne | TCU | $453,365 | $458,594 | 1 |
| Thomas O’Donnell | IBT | $398,203 | $458,293 | 3 |
| Reg Weaver | NEA | $251,991 | $445,869 | 1 |
| Jack Loveall | UFCW | $406,773 | $445,459 | 2 |
| Edward Fire | IUE/CWA | $366,411 | $445,325 | 1 |
| Robert Gleason | ILA | $383,012 | $440,348 | 1 |
| Benny Holland | ILA | $348,099 | $421,544 | 2 |
| John T. Niccollai | UFCW | $413,407 | $417,326 | 1 |
| Dennis Martire | LIUNA | $357,686 | $416,265 | 2 |
| Sandra Feldman | AFT | $276,050 | $402,658 | 1 |
| Michael Sullivan | SMWIA | $257,996 | $400,605 | 2 |
Note: This list excludes officers and staff associated with professional athletics unions as well as those affiliated with movie or television production unions. All data is from 2004.
Mark Brenner works as Labor Notes (www.labornotes.org) director in New York City.
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