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The class composition of the Capitol rioters (First Cut)

Originally published: Naked Capitalism on January 18, 2021 by Lambert Strether (more by Naked Capitalism) (Posted Jan 20, 2021)

The extensive commentary I have read on the Capitol Seizure of January 6 has not, to my knowledge, focused on two aspects of the event: The first is the class composition of the rioters.(1) The second is the actual cost of the event. The first is important even as an academic matter: Was the Seizure a “bourgeois riot,” as in Florida 2000? If not, what was it? The second is important as a check on the agency of the rioters; did they require a hidden, massive source of funding? Or could they have been, in the main, self-financed? Let us examine each topic in turn.

The Class Composition of the Rioters

Most discussion of the rioters has proceeded via generalization from anecdote, with this or that colorful and “terrifying” character taken in synecdoche for the whole. I decided to take a different approach, and aggregate as much hard data about the rioters as I could: Matters such as their home states, their ages, and their occupations (these not being ascriptive identities). To that end I read and tabulated as much data from news stories about the rioters as I could.(2) Our Federal system makes it hard to track how many rioters have been arrested and charged, and the ultimate numbers will keep rising for some time. As of this writing, around 125 rioters have been charged; the total is expected to be in the hundreds. (Estimates of rioters inside the capital by the rioters themselves range from 700 to thousands.) So, with 107 rioters tabulated (see the complete table in Appendix I) I think I have a reasonably good representation of the rioters arrested as of this writing. Whether arrested rioters are a good proxy for all the rioters is a question I don’t know how to answer (since the act of being in the Capitol was itself a crime; it wasn’t necessary to commit a more overt act to be a criminal.)

As far as ascriptive identities go, we can generalize that most of the rioters were white; and most were male. It follows that they were not demographically representative of the working class as a whole, which is multi-racial and mixed gender. It’s difficult to aggregate more precise data about them, because that depends on the quality of the reporting; hence, although we have tabulated 107 rioters, we have home state data for 50/107 (46%), age for 52/107 (49%), and occupation 49/107 (45%). So now let’s look at the data we have.

Table 1: States

Count State
8 NY
8 TX
6 GA
6 FL
6 CA
5 VA
5 TN
4 PA
4 AL
3 NJ
3 MD
3 AZ
2 WI
2 UT
2 OH
2 NC
2 KY
2 IL
2 DE
1 AK
1 AR
1 WV
1 WA
1 OR
1 NM
1 NH
1 MO
1 MN
1 MA
1 LA
1 IN
1 ID
1 IA
1 HI
1 DC
1 CO

The conclusion we can draw from Table 1 is that the Capitol Seizure was a national event. The Big States are all well-represented. (In other words, people didn’t go to the Trump rally on January 6 because it was only an hour’s drive away. New York and California outweigh Virginia and Pennsylvania, for example.)

Table 2: Ages

Range Age Count
20 2
23 2
25 2
26 3
28 1
29 1
20-29 11
30 1
31 1
32 1
34 2
35 4
36 2
38 2
39 2
30-39 15
40 2
41 1
42 2
43 2
46 2
47 2
48 2
40-49 13
50 2
52 1
54 2
55 1
57 1
58 1
59 1
50-59 9
60 1
61 1
65 1
69 1
60-69 4
70 1
70+ 1

The conclusion we can draw from Table 2 is that Capitol Seizure rioters were “pretty evenly” distributed (I don’t speak statistician; perhaps we have one in house?) Not all youngsters; not all retirees; not all “prime of life.”

Table 3: Occupations

Occupation Count
Owner 10
Cop 5
Real estate broker 3
Supplier? 2
Firefighter, paramedic 2
Cccupational therapist 2
CEO 2
Activist 2
Union VP 1
Unemployed (disability) 1
Tattoo arist 1
Programmer 1
Peace Corps (2018-2020) 1
Musician 1
Legislator 1
Lawyer 1
Laborer (MTA) 1
Jailer 1
Investment banker 1
Executive (HR) 1
Direct Marketer 1
Criminal (petty) 1
County Commissioner 1
Contractor (USN) 1
Construction 1
Car salesman 1
Bartender (unemployed) 1
Army Captain 1
Arborist, Chimney cleaner 1

The conclusion we can draw from Table 3… Well, I gotta say, the top three occupations being “owner,” “cop,” and “real estate broker” screams “petite bourgeois ie” to me. Granted, the owners are mostly owners of small firms, like florists or fishing charter operators, but firms they are. (The cops are not the Capitol hill cops, but cops who came from elsewhere.) It’s also extremely suggestive that there are no credentialed members of the PMC present at all; only one lawyer, no accountants, no psychiatrists; the closest we come is an occupational therapist. There are also no labor aristocrats, save one union VP. The working class rioters are flexible in their arrangements; no Amazon workers, but a contractor, a programmer, an arborist/chimney sweeper, etc. This flexibility shades over into the lumpenproletariat: “Supplier” is my polite coinage for dealer.

Blue-skying fiercely, here: If we wanted to construct a narrative that the Capitol Seizure–and the reaction to it–was a civil war between the classical petite bourgeoisie, being squeezed both by the corporate behemoths and Covid, and the arriviste PMC, newly come to class consciousness in the Trumpian cauldron, that wouldn’t be so hard to do, would it? “Two houses both alike in dignity….” Based on the very partial data we have. With the bourgeoisie doing what it can, as usual, and the working class doing what it must, also as usual.

The Cost of Staging the Event

I tried to work through the cost of staging the entire event–the earlier rally, not just the riot–in the following figure (which is very crude, being based entirely on national averages). Nevertheless, I think I’m in the ballpark. The central assumptions are a crowd of 10,000, 80% of whom came by chartered bus (there are numerous anecdotes of buses being organized by local entrepreners).

Figure 1: Costs for Seizure

| | MR Online

Notes to Figure 1

[1] Budget Your Trip
[2] Gogo Charters
[3] Budget Your Trip
[4] Greyhound = 55
[5] Business Insider
[6] Drink Tea Travel
[7] Crowd size: 10,000 (guesstimate)
[8] Assumes two-night stay

The bottom line is that $4,000,000 is not very much money. No billionaire required. And the unit cost for somebody taking the bus is $90 + $182 + $75 = $347. $350 is not very much either, especially for a committed “patriot.”

Conclusion

There’s much, much more that I’d like to write about the Capitol Seizure (perhaps with even better data). I would enjoy finding out why so many rioters thought taking videos and selfies of themselves in the Capitol and putting them up on Parler or Facebook was a good idea. I would enjoy going back through the links in my table and aggregate what rioters actually said (as opposed to whatever was projected onto them by PMC influencers). Especially I’d enjoy looking at the tactics that the rioters employed; after all, if their goal was to “send them a message” the operation was a brilliant success. And I would also like to look at the PMC reaction, with its strong flavor of extra-legal punishment.

I hope this was helpful. Again, comments from statisticians would be especially helpful.


NOTES

  1. For reasons I would like to go into later, I prefer to call the event what it evidently is: A riot, rather than an insurrection, let alone a coup. This quote from the New Yorker will have to suffice for now:

    No one seemed quite sure how to proceed. ‘While we’re here, we might as well set up a government,’ somebody suggested.

    I don’t know whether the story that a worker screamed “Take power, you coward!” at Lenin in 1917 is apocryphal, or not. Regardless, Lenin did so. The rioters were hardly Bolsheviks, nor, more to the point, Confederates.

  2. I worked from list of rioter names compiled from the following sources: USA Today, Lawfare, and the oddly named Conan Daily. George Washington University also has a list of rioter names and indictments, but it requires too much clicking and scrolling. Also, the FBI Criminal Complaints and Statements of Fact generally don’t have the data that I want, like occupation.

Appendix I

Table 4: Data (as of 2021-01-19)

All names are in the public domain.

# Name Occupation State Age Transport Selfie/Stream Q Party/Group
1 Daniel Page Adams TX Car
2 Christopher Alberts MD 35
3 Michael Jerrett Amos FL 38
4 John Anderson FL
5 Ashli Babbitt Owner (pool supply) CA 35 Y
6 Thomas Baranyi Peace Corps (2018-2020) NJ 28
7 Richard Barnett AR 60
8 Robert Bauer
9 Damon Beckley KY
10 Joshua Black AL Y
11 Melody Marie Black MN
12 David Blair MD
13 Matthew Bledsoe Owner (Mover) TN 36 Y
14 Dominic Box Car salesman GA Y Y
15 Rosanne Boyland GA 34 Y
16 Lt. Col. Larry Rendall Brock Jr
17 Terry Brown Cop (retired) PA 69
18 William McCall Calhoun, Jr. Lawyer GA Y
19 Samuel Camargo FL Y
20 Jake Chansley (Q Shaman; Jake Angeli) AZ
21 Albert Ciarpelli NY 65 Car
22 Lonnie Leroy Coffman AL 70 Car
23 Tara Coleman PA 40 Y
24 Josiah Benjamin Colt CEO ID
25 Matthew Council FL
26 Jenny Cudd Owner (florist) TX
27 Michael Thomas Curzio
28 Paul Davis Executive (HR) TX Y
29 Kristopher Dreww Owner (beauty shop) CA Y
30 Hunter Ehmke CA 20
31 Lisa Eisenhart TN 57
32 >Derrick Evans Legislator WV 35 Y Republican
33 Brandon Fellows Arborist, Chimney cleaner NY 26 Y
34 Cindy Fitchett VA 59
35 David Fitzgerald Tattoo arist
36 Vincent James Foxx
37 Jacob Fracker Cop, National Guard VA 29
38 Nick Fuentes Proud Boys
39 Thomas Gallagher NH 61
40 Christopher Stanton Georgia Investment banker GA
41 Tim Gionet Y extremist
42 Daniel Goodwyn Programmer CA Car Y
43 Vaughan Gordon LA 54 Y
44 Kevin Greeson Union VP AL 55 Car
45 Couy Griffin County Commissioner NM
46 Jack Jesse Griffith TN 25 Y
47 Jennifer Gugger Cop PA
48 Leonard Guthrie NJ 48 Car
49 Timothy Louis Hale-Cusanelli Contractor (USN) NJ
50 Peter Harding NY 47 Car Y
51 Edward Hemenway VA
52 Emily Hernandez MO 20
53 Jacob G. Hiles Owner (sport fishing charter) UT Y
54 Doug Jensen IA 41 Y
55 Adam Johnson FL 36
56 Chad Barrett Jones KY 42
57 Klete Keller Real estate broker CO 38
58 Kash Lee Kelly Activist IN 32 Y
59 Joshua Knowles Supplier? AZ
60 Edward Jacob Lang NY 25
61 William Arthur Leary Owner (Manufactured Housing) NY
62 Mark Leffingwell WA
63 Kevin D. Loftus WI 52
64 Joshua R. Lollar Unemployed (disability) TX 39 Car Y
65 Kevin J. Lyons IL 40 Car Y
66 Kristina Malimon OR Y Republican
67 Yevgeniya Malimon 54
68 Roxanne Mathai Jailer TX 46 Y
69 Cleveland Grover Meredith Jr. GA Car
70 David Charles Mish WI 42 Y
71 Grant Moore GA Car
72 Aaron Mostofsky NY
73 Eric Gavelek Munchel Bartender (unemployed) TN Car
74 Marsha Murphy AZ 50
75 Nicholas R. Ochs HI 34 Y Proud Boys
76 Nick Ochs [PP light on sourcing] Proud Boys
77 Robert Keith Packer VA
78 William Pepe Laborer (MTA) NY 31
79 Michelle Peterson CA Y
80 Dominic Pezzola Owner (flooring) NY 43 Y Proud Boys
81 Tam Dinh Pham Cop TX 48
82 Benjamin Philips Owner (toys), programmer 50 Car
83 Christine Priola Cccupational therapist OH Y
84 Joshua Pruitt DC 39
85 Emily Rainey Army Captain NC 30 Bus
86 Blake A. Reed Real estate broker TN 35 Y
87 Stewart Rhodes Proud Boys
88 Thomas Robertson Cop VA 47
89 Nicholas Rodean Direct Marketer MD 26
90 Eliel Rosa TX
91 Brad Rukstales CEO IL
92 Jenna Ryan Real estate broker TX Y
93 Robert Sanford Firefighter (retired) PA
94 Jon Ryan Schaffer Musician FL
95 Kevin Seefried Construction DE
96 Hunter Seefried DE 23
97 Troy Smocks Criminal (petty) TX 58 Air
98 Jurell Snyder Owner (digital forensics firm), ex-cop CA
99 Michael St. Pierre Owner (Grocery) MA Car
100 Peter Stager AK
101 Justin Stoll OH Y
102 John Sullivan Activist UT 26 Y
103 Douglas Sweet VA
104 Henry “Enrique” Tarrio Proud Boys
105 Jay Robert Thaxton NC 46
106 William Watson Supplier? AL 23
107 Andrew Williams Firefighter, paramedic

Notes on Table 4

Q: Was the rioter reported to be a QAnon fan?

Transport: Car, air, or bus? I am guessing that bus was not mentioned because it was unremarkable.

Selfie/Stream: Almost certainly under-reported, given the volume on Parler and Facebook.

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